South Carolina Nursing Home Blog : South Carolina Nursing Home Lawyer & Attorney : Poliakoff & Associates Law Firm : Elderly Care, Senior Care

Most of the information in this entry comes from John DeMoor "Trends in nursing home litigation". Daily Record and the Kansas City Daily News-Press.

When St. Louis defense attorney Stephen Strum finished his closing argument on behalf of a nursing home client earlier this year in Hannibal, Mo., he and his uninsured client were prepared and almost eager to hand over the keys to the facility's front door.  The jury returned a $400,000 verdict, with $240,000 of it for punitive damages involving aggravating circumstances.  Defendant is appealling the jury's findings.  Strum siad if the appeal is unsuccessful, "we'll just hand over the keys".

Strum is one of many defense attorneys with nursing home clients that have converted each of their facilities into an independent limited liability corporation while at the same time have opted not to carry long-term-care liability insurance so they can't be held accountable for neglect and negligence.

This tactic is just one of the latest trends that nursing homes are using to avoid responsibility for their actions.  Setting up nursing homes as their own limited liability corporation, not carrying liability insurance, refusing settlements and trying each case to the bitter end is part of a growing local and national trend the nursing home industry is using to protect itself from resident related lawsuits.

Defendants are quick to use the tactic to intimidate plaintiffs, concedes Kansas City defense attorney Roger Slead of the law firm Horn, Aylward & Bandy. I have heard it threatened more and more: 'If you think this is a $5 million case, here's the key to the facility because it's not even worth $5 million as an ongoing business concern. Here, you can have the keys to the facility and we're going to walk away,' Slead said.

Plaintiff attorney Derek Potts of the Potts Law Firm in Kansas City said that incorporating into an LLC and not carrying insurance is merely a strategy for nursing homes to shield themselves from liability.  He sees the dangling-keys tactic often used early in a case to discourage attorneys from proceeding with costly litigation. They come out early and say, 'We're just going to be honest with you. There is no insurance, no money and you should probably abandon your case, or we can pay you a nominal amount to go away,' Potts said. And it does work. I know a lot of attorneys who are daunted by that and don't want to risk their time and expense going forward.

Many national nursing home companies have developed shell corporations with elaborate management systems and corporate structures. Potts explained that the corporation at the bottom level of the structure is often a not-for-profit corporation or a pass- through entity which rarely realizes profit or gain on its books.

The defendant will typically file a motion for summary judgment to sever the parent corporation or owner from the case. He points out that the plaintiff must counter by directing discovery towards piercing the corporate veil or showing to what extent the owner controls the care given and how that caused the injury.  Potts says the plaintiff should argue that owners control the quality of care based on how much money they provide for the amount of staff, salaries, training and adequacy of the equipment.

All these things directly impact patient care and controls how much profit they make, but they are also things that can impact how people get hurt or even killed, he said. The challenge is to follow the money trail to establish exactly who profited from the operation of the nursing home and tie that ultimate profit to the injury and, or death.

During discovery, Potts suggests the plaintiff seek the disclosure of ownership statement from the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services; identify the named insureds on the liability policy at issue; and depose corporate executives about their understanding of the nature of the relationship.

Decisions by the Missouri Court of Appeals have helped to provide guidelines on how to build these cases. In Scott v. SSM Healthcare St. Louis, 70 S.W.3d 560, (Mo.Ct.App. 2002), the Missouri Court of Appeals held that to establish an agency relationship in the healthcare setting, (1) the principal must consent, either expressly or impliedly, to the agent's acting on the principal's behalf, and (2) the agent must be subject to the principal's control.

Potts currently has a case where he has been told that all his client will receive are keys to a building the nursing home leases. However, he has yet to see a situation where a plaintiff has won and proceeded with collecting the assets of the nursing home.

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The Tennessean reported on Murfreesboro-based National Healthcare Corp's CEO defending the ridiculous legislation to impose limitations on the amount of damages a victim of neglect, abuse, or negligence can be compensated for their injuries and pain and suffering.

Critics have labeled the bill the "Kill Old People Cheap Act."

"If we could lower our liability expense, we could put more into staffing," NHC President Steve Flatt said.  However, in all the states with caps on damages, the staffing remained the same!  These nursing homes have insurance and staffing is not affected by potential liability.  If they staffed properly to begin with then there would be less victims of neglect and negligence.  Flatt said his company saw a 20 percent loss in profits, going from $45 million in 2007 to $36 million in 2008. Opponents of the bill contend the nursing home industry spent between $700,000 to $850,000 to lobby for last year's version of the legislation.

 Daniel Clayton, a Nashville attorney and president of the Tennessee Association for Justice, says while the legislation falls short.   "There's not one word in their legislation that requires the nursing homes to improve the quality of care," he said. "We're (ranked) 47th in the country in quality of care of nursing homes by the federal government." "Quality of care comes first," said Clayton. "The legislation that they are proposing is to make good care optional. Good care should not be optional. It should be mandatory.

Opponents see the legislation as a way to enhance profits by the industry.

"This bill is all about the nursing-home industry trying to avoid full responsibility when it neglects or abuses a vulnerable resident. Caps don't improve care. If care improves, lawsuits go down."

NAACP Tennessee President Gloria Sweet-Love says the legislation comes at a time when state and federal reports have uncovered severe staffing and quality of care deficiencies. The CMS report uncovered that 49 percent of Tennessee Nursing Homes scored the poorest possible rating for staffing levels.

A report from the Government Accountability Office uncovered that Tennessee was one of nine states nationwide where health inspectors missed more that 25 percent of serious health and safety violations.  And a report recently released by AARP reconfirmed the poor state of Tennessee Nursing homes and found that tort restrictions have little impact on improving the quality of care in nursing homes.

The legislation would place arbitrary caps on non-economic and punitive damages in addition to making every negligent act that occurs in a nursing home protected under the Medical Malpractice Act.   "The nursing home industry's effort to conceal its true intentions is despicable and should be rejected by anyone who has ever had a loved one in a nursing home," Sweet-Love said.

"We need laws to protect our nursing home residents, not ones designed to protect the profits of greedy nursing home operators."

"If the nursing home industry would spend its money on more nursing staff, rather than on high-priced insiders, the quality of care in nursing homes would improve," Sweet-Love, the NAACP official, states in the news release. "The industry chooses to spend their resources on backroom conversations aimed at passing a law that immunizes the industry from negligent and abusive acts against helpless residents."

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 Richard Wagamese had a revealing story for the Calgary Herald about accountability and the preventable death of a friend's loved one at a nursing home.  Below are excerpts and a summary of that tragic story.  The mother of one of his friends was found frozen to death outside the nursing home the day after Christmas. She was 84 year-old and had suffered from Alzheimer's disease.   Her name was Juliette (Julie) Bombardier and she was a great-grandmother, grandmother, wife, friend, confidante and valued member of her community.

Mr. Wagamese mentions that Julie inexplicably managed to get out of doors that were ostensibly locked, but are often propped open by staff who pop outside for a smoke. In the early morning hours, dressed in a nightgown, she froze to death in a snowdrift, a few yards from that door. She died there, alone and unprotected. Nearly three hours after the search for her was initiated, my friends were there when she was discovered.

The real tragedy according to Mr. Wagamese in Julie's death is not the loss itself.  It's the refusal of the company that runs the nursing home to take responsibility. Instead of saying, "there was a failure in our system that resulted in a death and we're taking immediate steps to prevent it happening again" and honouring the loss of Juliette Bombardier, they rely on the standard "we're conducting our own internal investigation". There doesn't need to be an investigation. The system failed. Period.

The obfuscation and shrugging off of direct responsibility is a dishonouring of Julie's death and a dishonouring of her family's grief.

They tell us that all the doors were locked until staff had finished their search of the building.  What they are asking all of us to believe is that an 84-year-old dementia patient managed to negotiate her way through a secure facility, passed trained supervisory staff, out a locked door and then somehow managed to lock it behind herself again and froze to death.

To suggest we believe that is a dishonouring of everyone.  There are a lot of seniors in care in such facilities all across the country. They are not just Alzheimer's patients, stroke victims, addled, debilitated, frail, helpless or needy. They're somebody's grandmother, somebody's mother and somebody's friend. They are not numbers in a ledger, not a part of somebody's financial bottom line -- they are a part of our collective history and they are valuable.

Richard Wagamese, a former Calgary Herald columnist, is the 2007 recipient of the Canadian Authors Association Award for fiction and a former National Newspaper Award-winning columnist.

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